ABSTRACT
La diarrea aguda es la causa más común de morbi-mortalidad infantil, donde el Rotavirus es uno de los principales agentes involucrados en las diarreas severas en niños menores de 5 años. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la presencia de rotavirus en una población infantil con cuadros diarreicos, vacunados y no vacunados que acuden a observación pediátrica del Hospital de Niños y Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, estado Zulia en el período de Abril 2011 hasta Abril 2012, para ello se recolectaron 100 muestras de heces y para el diagnóstico se utilizó la técnica de Aglutinación Directa en partículas de Látex. Resultaron positivos un 43,6% (24/55) de niños no vacunados y 33,3% (10/30) de niños vacunados afectando principalmente a los menores de 1 año con predominio del sexo masculino con un 65,9% sobre el sexo femenino con 40%, la diarrea por el agente viral estudiado representó casi la mitad de las hospitalizaciones por gastroenteritis, encontrándose una diferencia estadística significativa de p= 0.027 en el numero de evacuaciones del cuarto día, entre niños no vacunados (5) y vacunados (3). Los resultados de esta investigación muestran la circulación de rotavirus en niños vacunados y no vacunados, es por ello importante considerar que el presente reporte tiene como fin último alertar a la comunidad médica a considerar en todo niño con gastroenteritis la posibilidad de que se trate de un cuadro por RV.
Acute diarrhea is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in infants, where rotavirus is one of the main agents involved in severe diarrhea for children under five years. The present study aims to determine the presence of rotavirus in a vaccinated and unvaccinated pediatric population with acute diarrhea that came to the Childrens Hospital and the University Hospital of Maracaibo, State of Zulia, for observation from April 2011 to April 2012. One-hundred stool samples were collected and direct agglutination of latex particles was used for diagnosis. 43.6% of the unvaccinated children were positive (24/55) as were 33.3% (10/30) of the vaccinated children. Principally, children under 1 year were affected, predominantly males with 65.9% and females with 40%. Diarrhea due to the viral agent under study accounted for nearly half the hospitalizations for gastroenteritis. A statistically significant difference of p = 0.027 was found between the number of evacuations on the fourth day in unvaccinated (5) and vaccinated (3) children. Results of this research show rotavirus circulating in vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to alert the medical community to consider that every child with gastroenteritis could possibly have RV.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Gastroenteritis/pathology , Rotavirus Infections/diagnosis , Rotavirus Infections/mortality , Rotavirus Infections/virology , Rotavirus Vaccines , Rotavirus Vaccines/therapeutic use , Vipoma/virology , PediatricsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Exanthematic diseases are a group of syndromes mainly caused by acute viral infections. AIM: To obtain information about the viruses that cause exanthematic diseases in our region. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During 1998, 267 serum samples from patients with an acute rash or patients presenting a febrile syndrome accompanied by enlarged lymph nodes, headache and other symptoms, were collected. Specific antibody of the IgM class (anti-IgM) against Rubella, Measles, Dengue types 1-4 and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) were measured by immunoenzymatic assay (EIA). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies were measured by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: An etiologic agent was detected in 208 cases (77.9%). Cases due to Dengue (40.6%) and Rubella (21%) viruses predominated, but the frequency of other agents was also high in specific age groups. The agreement between the clinical suspicion and the laboratory findings varied broadly, from a 100% for suspected Dengue to just a 14.8% for cases of suspected CMV infection. CONCLUSIONS: Dengue was the most common viral exanthematic disease in the Zulia State during 1998.